*APA Support Centre: Missing Information

Start your citation with the title, followed by date and source information. Don't use "Anonymous" unless this is what's indicated on your source.

Example - Articles and other sources that are part of a larger work:

Get on board for train safety. (2012, June 17). Toronto Star, A14.

Example - Book and other standalone works:

Introduction to food science. (2018). ABC Press.

(Title, Year)

Example - Newspaper Article:

("Get on Board," 2012)

Example - Book:

(Introduction to Food Science, 2018)

Write n.d. where you would normally provide the date.

Example:

Yorkville Universtiy. (n.d.). Signature Learning Outcomes. https://www.yorkvilleu.ca/signature-learning-outcomes/

(Author, n.d.)

Example:

(Yorkville Universtiy, n.d.)

For In-Text Citation:

If you're quoting from a source without page numbers, include the location where you found the information. This includes the name of section/heading (if available) and paragraph number where you found the information. Count the paragraph from the beginning of the document or section (if available).

Although not required, APA encourages including the page number when paraphrasing if it will help the reader locate the information in a long text and distinguish between the information that is coming from you and the source.

(Author, Year, Section and/or paragraph number)

Example:

(Diabetes Canada, n.d., Move More section, para. 2)

(World Health Organization, 2020, para. 10)

In square brackets, describe the work that you are citing.

Example:

Robertero. (2018). [Potato chips - personally ate in the past 6 months for all respondents 14+ in Ontario]. 

(Author, Year)

Example:

(Robertero, 2018)